Ravensden Soft Toy Orangutan Sitting 28cm

Product Information

Beaudrot, LH; Kahlenberg, SM; Marshall, AJ (2009). "Why male orangutans do not kill infants". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 63 (11): 1549–62. doi: 10.1007/s00265-009-0827-1. PMC 2728907. PMID 19701484. Meijaard, E.; Buchori, B.; Hadiprakarsa, Y.; Utami-Atmoko, S. S.; etal. (2011). "Quantifying Killing of Orangutans and Human-Orangutan Conflict in Kalimantan, Indonesia". PLOS ONE. 6 (11): e27491. Bibcode: 2011PLoSO...627491M. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0027491. PMC 3214049. PMID 22096582. Years: Nyaru Menteng 1999–2009" (PDF). Orangutan Protection Foundation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 February 2010. a b c d Ancrenaz, M.; Gumal, M.; Marshall, A. J.; Meijaard, E.; Wich, S. A.; Husson, S. (2016). "Pongo pygmaeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T17975A17966347. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-1.RLTS.T17975A17966347.en.

Smith, Tanya M.; Austin, Christine; Hinde, Katie; Vogel, Erin R.; Arora, Manish (2017). "Cyclical nursing patterns in wild orangutans". Evolutionary Biology. 3 (5): e1601517. Bibcode: 2017SciA....3E1517S. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1601517. PMC 5435413. PMID 28560319. Wang, Cui-Bin; Zhao, Ling-Xia; Jin, Chang-Zhu; Wang, Yuan; Qin, Da-Gong; Pan, Wen-Shi (December 2014). "New discovery of Early Pleistocene orangutan fossils from Sanhe Cave in Chongzuo, Guangxi, southern China". Quaternary International. 354: 68–74. Bibcode: 2014QuInt.354...68W. doi: 10.1016/j.quaint.2014.06.020. The orangutan was first described scientifically in 1758 in the Systema Naturae of Carl Linnaeus as Homo troglodytes. [6] :20 It was renamed Simia pygmaeus in 1760 by his student Christian Emmanuel Hopp and given the name Pongo by Lacépède in 1799. [6] :24–25 The populations on the two islands were suggested to be separate species when P. abelii was described by French naturalist René Lesson in 1827. [16] In 2001, P. abelii was confirmed as a full species based on molecular evidence published in 1996, [17] [18] :53 [19] and three distinct populations on Borneo were elevated to subspecies ( P. p. pygmaeus, P. p. morio and P. p. wurmbii). [20] The description in 2017 of a third species, P. tapanuliensis, from Sumatra south of Lake Toba, came with a surprising twist: it is more closely related to the Bornean species, P. pygmaeus than to its fellow Sumatran species, P. abelii. [19] Flanged male Bornean, Sumatran and Tapanuli orangutans Ross, Marina Davila; Owren, Michael J; Zimmermann, Elke (2009). "Reconstructing the Evolution of Laughter in Great Apes and Humans". Current Biology. 19 (13): 1106–11. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.05.028. PMID 19500987. S2CID 17892549.Harper, Douglas. "Orangutan". Online Etymology Dictionary. Archived from the original on 4 November 2012 . Retrieved 4 May 2012. a b c d Mahdi, Waruno (2007). Malay Words and Malay Things: Lexical Souvenirs from an Exotic Archipelago in German Publications Before 1700. Frankfurter Forschungen zu Südostasien. Vol.3. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp.170–81. ISBN 978-3-447-05492-8. Main article: Orangutans in popular culture 1870 illustration for " The Murders in the Rue Morgue" by Daniel Vierge

a b c d e Groves, Colin P. (1971). "Pongo pygmaeus". Mammalian Species (4): 1–6. doi: 10.2307/3503852. JSTOR 3503852. Orangutans live in primary and secondary tropical forests located in Southeast Asia. Typically found in Malaysia and Indonesia, these long-armed, orange-haired mammals have characteristics that are very similar to humans. Living in rich and deep forests, they prefer flooded plains or river valley forests as they provide rich land for foraging their nutrients like wild fruits such as lychees and figs. Orangutans sleep and live in the trees. They build nests on top of the treetops, much like little forts that can be thrown together in minutes. These animals enjoy a warm climate, with temperatures ranging from 18 to 38 degrees Celsius. The warm and humid rainforest climate creates a perfect environment for the orangutans to play amongst the trees, grab fruit and enjoy their relaxed lifestyle. Characteristics And Diet An orangutan feeding on a banana.a b Teboekhorst, I.; Schürmann, C.; Sugardjito, J. (1990). "Residential status and seasonal movements of wild orang-utans in the Gunung Leuser Reserve (Sumatera, Indonesia)". Animal Behaviour. 39 (6): 1098–1109. doi: 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80782-1. S2CID 54322235. Orangutan". Alpha Dictionary. Archived from the original on 7 July 2016 . Retrieved 20 December 2006. Wich, S A; Meijaard, E; Marshall, A J; Husson, S; etal. (2002). "Distribution and conservation status of the orang-utan ( Pongo spp.) on Borneo and Sumatra: how many remain?". Oryx. 42 (3): 329–39. doi: 10.5167/uzh-3914. All three orangutan species are considered critically endangered. Human activities have caused severe declines in populations and ranges. Threats to wild orangutan populations include poaching (for bushmeat and retaliation for consuming crops), habitat destruction and deforestation (for palm oil cultivation and logging), and the illegal pet trade. Several conservation and rehabilitation organisations are dedicated to the survival of orangutans in the wild. The word was first attested in English in 1693 by physician John Bulwer in the form Orang-Outang, [1] [7] and variants ending with -ng are found in many languages. This spelling (and pronunciation) has remained in use in English up to the present but has come to be regarded as incorrect. [8] [9] [10] The loss of "h" in utan and the shift from -ng to -n has been taken to suggest the term entered English through Portuguese. [4] In Malay, the term was first attested in 1840, not as an indigenous name but referring to how the English called the animal. [11] The word 'orangutan' in Malay and Indonesian today was borrowed from English or Dutch in the 20th century—explaining why the initial 'h' of 'hutan' is also missing. [4]

a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Cribb, Robert; Gilbert, Helen; Tiffin, Helen (2014). Wild Man from Borneo: A Cultural History of the Orangutan. University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-3714-3. Orangutan shaved, made up and prostituted to men for six years". The Week. 28 November 2018. Archived from the original on 3 October 2020 . Retrieved 29 April 2020.a b van Schaik, Carel P.; Knott, Cheryl D. (2001). "Geographic variation in tool use onNeesia fruits in orangutans". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 114 (4): 331–342. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.1045. PMID 11275962. Orangutans first appeared in Western fiction in the 18th century and have been used to comment on human society. Written by the pseudonymous A. Ardra, Tintinnabulum naturae (The Bell of Nature, 1772) is told from the point of view of a human-orangutan hybrid who calls himself the "metaphysician of the woods". Around 50 years later, the anonymously written work The Orang Outang is narrated by a pure orangutan in captivity in the US, writing a letter critiquing Boston society to her friend in Java. [6] :108–09